Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in pregnancy
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed in Obstetrics Service of Botucatu Medical School. 810 pregnant women were interviewed between April 2011 and November 2013. All pregnant women who underwent prenatal care in the service were eligible for the study, except those who refused to participate and/or had not showed preserved cognitive capacity to answer to the evaluation tool, composed by a structured questionnaire containing general and specific clinical data and description of UI. The covariates analyzed were age, gestational age, weight, height, body mass index, parity, diabetes mellitus(DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the exploratory analysis were used univariate logistic regression models and the variables those p-values ≤0.25were chosen for the multiple conditional logistic regression model.
RESULTS: From the 810 women interviewed, 376 (49.5%) presented UI during pregnancy. GDM in current and in a previous pregnancy, increase of age, weightand body mass index have behaved as statistically significant independent risk factors for the occurrence of UI in univariate logistic regression models. Adjusting the multiple conditional logistic regression model was observed that GDM in previous pregnancy (OR = 3.623 CI 95% = 0.748 to 17.555) and GDM in current pregnancy (OR = 4.853 CI95% = 2.110-11.165) remained as factors associated with UI in pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS: UI was highly prevalent among the pregnant group studied. UI prevalence and severity are significantly higher during pregnancy and in women with diabetes mellitus or witha history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).