CONSUMPTION OF CALCIUM IN ADOLESCENTS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN CAMPINAS, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

INTRODUCTION: Calcium plays an important role in the development and maintenance of peak bone mass in adolescence. The aim was to evaluate the intake of calcium in adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years old, according to socioeconomic, demographic and health-related behaviors. 

METHODS: The data obtained from the "Health Inquiry of Campinas ", a population-based survey. The study analyzed 924 adolescents of both sexes - obtained by the population sample stratified by clusters. The 24-hour dietary recall provided the information necessary to evaluate the intake of calcium. We used Poisson regression to evaluate the association between the average calcium intake and the independent variables.   

RESULTS: The sample studied the highest proportion in males (51%) and aged from 10-14 years-old (55%). The prevalence of adequacy according to the Estimated Average Requirements for the population was 10.71% (95% CI: 8.30 to 13.71 %). The mean calcium intake was significantly lower in segments with lower education of the household head (p=0.000), lower per capita household income (p=0.000), in that do not have private health plan (p=0.000), not attending school (p=0.006), or attend public schools than those who study in private schools (p=0.002) and those with fewer devices at home (p=0.001). Individuals who consumed fruit (p=0.007), and milk (p=0.000) , with frequency less than or equal to 3 times a week had lower mean calcium intake , this was also significantly lower in smokers (p=0.000) , the ones who drinks alcohol twice or more per week (p=0.001), who were sedentary in leisure (p=0.007) , reported that in 9 or more hours of sleep (p=0.016) , and those who used the computer (p=0.003).   

CONCLUSIONS: The findings revealed a low intake of calcium according to socioeconomic variables, pointing to a need for attention to socially vulnerable segment.