Smoking cessation and Gender: a population-based study conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
The aim was to evaluate the smoking cessation rate between men and women and identify its association with sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, health status and use of health services, according to gender, in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
METHODS:
Cross-sectional study, whose data from the health survey conducted in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2008 (ISACamp 2008). Records of a representative sample of 1,118 respondents, 18 to 59 years were included. The dependent variable was smoking, which the smoking cessation rate was obtained through the ratio between the number of former smokers and the number of current and former smokers. The magnitude of the associations between the dependent and independent variables were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression.
RESULTS:
The smoking cessation rate in the male population was 32.7% (95%CI:26.8-39.1) and 39.0% (95%CI:30.0-49.0) in the female population. In the segment of men Poisson regression, adjusted for age and education, showed an inverse association between alcohol consumption and smoking cessation in two or more times a week (PR: 0.53; 95%CI:0.30-0.94) and direct association of smoking cessation with the presence of at least one chronic disease (PR:2.29; 95%CI:1.49-3.54), morbidity in the last 15 days (PR: 1.63; 95%CI:1.07-2.47) and drug use in the past 3 days (PR: 1.81; 95%CI:1.08-3.04). Among women, the cessation rate was directly associated with obesity (PR: 1.93; CI:1.19-3.15), presence of two or more chronic diseases (PR: 2.15; 95%CI:1.29-3.58), hypertension (PR: 1.94; 95%CI:1.18-3.17), allergy (PR: 1.67, 95%CI;1.03-2.69).
CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference between the genders, but in each subgroup analysis showed that, except for number of chronic diseases, different factors were associated with smoking cessation rate in the analysis by gender. This indicates that the particularities of each gender should be considered in planning policies and actions that encourage cessation, in order to achieve increasingly satisfactory levels in tobacco control.