The Social Epidemiology of Hypertension among Residents of Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
There is high incidence and prevalence of hypertension and other chronic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is a sub-Saharan nation with a high prevalence of hypertension. Researchers report low knowledge of hypertension, its prevention, and outcomes, and rapid urbanization with the adoption of Western eating habits as major causes. This is an important issue because chronic disease is placing a huge economic, social, and disease burden on Nigerian society and government. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate quantitatively lifestyle practices and qualitatively what knowledge, attitudes, and practices Nigerians hold on risks, and prevention of hypertension to discover the practices used to prevent or minimize risk for chronic disease.
METHODS:
Participants were recruited from Ilishan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and participants completed the WHO STEPS lifestyle survey. Some participants were invited to remain for a focus group discussion. The general linear regression model with sums of squares and Pearson’s product correlation were used to analyze quantitative data. By the general linear regression model and Pearson’s product correlation analysis it was found lifestyle can be predictive for hypertension. Qualitative data were analyzed deductively using the PEN-3 model.
RESULTS:
The greatest predictors of elevated blood pressure were BMI (p <.024), and alcohol use (p <.007). Qualitative data revealed the matriarchs of the family were primary sources of health knowledge. A major impact on community health in Ilishan-Remo has been occasional community health intervention programs sponsored by Babcock University (BU).
CONCLUSIONS:
One of the big challenges in low and mid resource countries is educating the population of chronic disease risks. Local universities can assist ministries of health and local governments in providing much needed health education. Public health campaigns should continue to encourage healthier diets and active lifestyles.