Evolution of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase enterobacteriaceae in the Hospital Cheikh Zaid from 2009 to 2011

INTRODUCTION:  Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) are multidrug-resistant bacteria that have an important role in the occurrence of nosocomial infections. These bacteria cause infections that can be life-threatening for patients without satisfactory therapeutic solutions. The objective of the study is to describe the evolution of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase enterobacteriaceae in the hospital Cheikh Zaid from January 2009 to December 2011.

METHODS:  We conducted a retrospective descriptive study, on all samples of patients hospitalized in different departments during the period from January 2009 to December 2011 in the Hospital Sheikh Zaid. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software WHONET. Comparisons of proportions were performed using EpiInfo version 7

RESULTS: During the 3 years of study (2009-2011), 816 enterobacteriacae were isolated in the Hospital Cheikh Zaid from the different samples. Among these Enterobacteriaceae 215 were ESBL-producing which is equivalent to 26.34%. For the type Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia (KES), we noted a significant increase in resistance to third-generation cephalosporins between 2009 and 2011, the rate increased from 42 to 61%. For the type E.coli, we noted an increase in resistance to third-generation cephalosporins between 2009 and 2010 (from 15 2 to 18%) and the rate decreased in 2011, it was 15.7%. However the differences were not significant. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were most frequently isolated from medical services (25.6%) and were mainly isolated from genitourinary samples (35.3%).

CONCLUSIONS:  These results justify the necessity to continue and to reinforce efforts to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the hospital.