The patterns of the four modifiable behavioral risk factors for noncommunicable diseases: the Brazilian adult population
METHODS: The data are from the VIGITEL (Risk Factors Surveillance Telephone System, acronym in Portuguese), including 268,955 adults over 2007 to 2011. Behavior patterns were estimated in Principal Component Analysis from 7 food frequency, 2 physical activity, 2 fat-flavor related (fatty meat and chicken), 2 alcohol consumption, and smoking frequency indicators and was performed using orthogonal rotation (Varimax). Patterns were retained as their eigenvalues>1.0 and loadings>0.2. Individual standardized factor score were associated with demographic factors and year of survey by using linear regression.
RESULTS: It were identified 5 patterns with larger variance explained (51%,KMO=0.61). PCA1 was high frequency of physical activity and was prevalent in men(β=-0.101,p=0.000) and inversely associated with age (β=-0.077,p=0.000); PCA2: high alcohol and tobacco use and higher in men (β=-0.269,p=0.000), inversely associated with age group(β=-0.077,p=0.000); PCA3: high intake of beans, sugary soda, fatty meat/chicken, it was higher in men (β=-0.194,p=0.000) and inversely associated with age (β=-0.205,p=0.000); PCA4: high intake of vegetables, fruits and milk and prevalent in women (β=0.154,p=0.000), directly associated with age group (β=0.253,p=0.000); PCA5: high soda intake, low beans intake, sedentary behavior and physical inactivity and it was higher in men (β=-0.014,p=0.000), inversely associated with age (β=-0.039,p=0.000). Through years, PCA1 and PCA2 was unchangeable, PCA3 showed increased trend and PCA4 and PCA5 decreased trend.
CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco and alcohol use and unhealthy diet were prevalent in young men and healthy diet in older women and showed slight changes by years. There is no healthy pattern among most prevalent patterns in Brazil nowadays. This make challenging provide a national model to control or reduce the four risk factors concomitantly.