Prevalence of congenital heart defects in infants in Kazakhstan

INTRODUCTION:   In recent years there has been increased incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD), both due to a true increase in CHD and improve diagnosis. The incidence of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in children is 6.8 per 1000 live births worldwide. In England were 8, and in the United States ranged from to 6 per 1000 children born alive.  We studied the the prevalence and risk factors for CHD among infants in Kazakhstan.

METHODS:  Altogether, all 11,788 newborns bornin 2009 – 2013  in the national perinatal centre in Astana, Kazakhstan were examined by Doppler echocardiography (Vivid 7 Dimension).

RESULTS:   According to official statistics the frequency of congenital anomalies (malformations) of the heart and circulatory system in children under 5 years increased from 2.7 (2003) to 6.3 (2012 ) per 1000 children, including the children of the first year of life with 4.4 to 8.9. Among 11788 surveyed newborns and infants in 750 (6.4%) were diagnosed various UPU. In this case, the frequency of CHD increased from 5.2% (2009) to 7.1% (2013) to 1,000 children. In accordance with the International Nomenclature of CHD (2000), the vast majority of diagnosed CHD pale type: 609 (81.2 %) of 750 children, with the prevalence of Ventricular Septal Defects (37.2%), Atrial Septal Defects (14.8%) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (14.13%). Among the complex CHD - Tetralogy of Fallot (5.2%), Atrioventricular Septal Defect (2.93%), and Transposition of the Great Arteries (2.4%). Children with CHD are more common in pregnant women with CHD (15.45%) than among mothers with valvular heart disease (10%).

CONCLUSIONS:   The increase CHD children, due to the presence of associated risk factors in pregnant women with heart disease. It is need for preventive measures in women of reproductive age, early prenatal diagnosis of CHD.