Outbreak Investigation of Diarrhea in Pundambea Village, Kadia Sub-Distric, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia 2010
Diarrhea is still a health problem in Indonesia with increasing morbidity from year to year. In the 30th of April 2010, an outbreak of diarrhea was reported in Pundambea Village. The total number of cases was 53 people (Attack Rate = 15.87%), 1 case died (Case Fatality Rate = 1.88%). The aims of the investigation was to implement outbreak control measures.
METHODS:
The method of the outbreak investigation was case-control design. The case group were patients with clinical symptoms of diarrhea, such as watery stools more than 3 times a day with soft to watery consistency, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. The control group were the relatives or neighbors who have no the clinical symptoms of diarrhea. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire and took the drinking water sample from a well to examine the microbacterium paramaters. The analysis of the data used bivariate and multivariate analysis.
RESULTS:
The variables that related to the outbreak of diarrhea were the habit of not washing hands with soap after defecate (Odds Ratio/OR = 2.106, 95% Confidence Interval/CI = 1.347-3.294, p value = 0.000), habit of not washing hands before eating (OR = 1.665, CI = 1.131-2.451, p value = 0.009), and water sources (OR = 2.054, CI = 1.506-2.802, p value = 0.000). The results of water quality inspection by the Provincial Health Laboratory Center of Southeast Sulawesi with parameters Most Probable Number (MPN) showed positive for E. coli and the examination of coliform MPN/100ml of 240, exceeds the threshold of clean water.
CONCLUSIONS:
Using the contaminated well water as water source and unhealthy behavior were the risk factors of the outbreak of diarrhea in Pundambea Village.